🇬🇧 United Kingdom

Pension Death Benefits Calculator

Calculate the tax on pension death benefits for 2025/26. Model DC pension lump sums and drawdown (tax-free under 75, taxed at 75+), DB spouse and children's pensions, and the impact of the April 2027 Inheritance Tax change on pension pots.

£
Total value of the DC pension / SIPP at time of death
The age of the pension member at death determines the tax treatment
How the pension will be paid out to the beneficiary
Who will receive the pension death benefit
£
Used to determine the beneficiary's marginal tax rate (relevant if member died at 75+)

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How to Use This Calculator

DC Pension tab

Enter the pension pot value and the age of the member at death. If the member died before age 75, the pension passes tax-free to beneficiaries (within the Lump Sum and Death Benefit Allowance of £1,073,100). If the member died at 75 or over, enter the beneficiary's annual income — the pension will be taxed at their marginal income tax rate. Choose between a lump sum payout or inherited drawdown. If the beneficiary is a spouse or civil partner, the calculator also shows the Bereavement Support Payment they may be entitled to claim.

DB Pension tab

Enter the member's annual pension and the spouse pension rate from the scheme rules (commonly 50% or two-thirds). Add the number of eligible children to see their pension entitlement. If the scheme includes a lump sum death benefit, enter the member's salary and the salary multiple (typically 2x to 4x). The calculator shows the total annual and monthly income the surviving dependants will receive. Note that DB pension income is taxed as earned income at the beneficiary's marginal rate — the calculator shows the gross income payable by the scheme.

April 2027 IHT tab

Enter the estate value excluding the pension and the DC pension pot. The calculator shows your estimated Inheritance Tax under current rules (where pensions are fully exempt) and under the April 2027 rules (where the unused pension is added to the estate). It applies the Nil Rate Band (£325,000) and, where applicable, the Residence Nil Rate Band (£175,000) to both scenarios so you can see exactly how much more IHT will be due because of the change.

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The Formula

UK pension death benefits use different rules depending on the type of pension, the age of the member at death, and from April 2027, the size of the estate:

DC Pension — Death Before 75:
Lump sum tax-free up to LSDBA (£1,073,100)
Amount above LSDBA × Beneficiary's marginal income tax rate
Inherited drawdown: fully tax-free (no LSDBA cap on drawdown income)

DC Pension — Death at 75 or Over:
Tax payable = Pension benefits paid × Beneficiary's marginal income tax rate
(20% basic / 40% higher / 45% additional rate — 2025/26)

DB Pension — Spouse and Children:
Spouse pension = Member's pension × Scheme spouse rate (e.g. 50%)
Children's pension = Member's pension × Per-child rate (scheme-specific)
Lump sum death benefit = Salary × Multiple (typically 2–4×)

April 2027 IHT Impact:
Estate (including pension) − Nil Rate Band (£325,000) − RNRB (up to £175,000)
IHT = Taxable estate × 40%
Additional IHT = IHT (with pension) − IHT (without pension)

The two-year rule for DC pensions is critical: lump sum death benefits paid more than two years after the scheme administrator first knew of the death are taxed at the beneficiary's marginal rate, even if the member died before 75. Inherited drawdown is not subject to this two-year rule.

From 6 April 2027, unused pension funds become part of the taxable estate, but pensions passing to a surviving spouse or civil partner remain exempt from IHT via the unlimited spouse exemption.

Example

Robert, 68 — Software Engineer, married with two adult children

Robert has a £300,000 SIPP and a DB pension paying £15,000/year. His estate (house and savings) is worth £500,000. He wants to understand what his wife Sarah and children will receive.

DC pension (SIPP) — Robert dies at age 68 (before 75)

SIPP value£300,000
Age at death68 (under 75)
LSDBA remaining£1,073,100 (well within limit)
Tax on lump sum to Sarah£0 (tax-free under 75)
Net SIPP to Sarah (lump sum)£300,000 tax-free

Alternatively, Sarah could take the SIPP as inherited drawdown — also fully tax-free since Robert died before 75.

DB pension — spouse and children

Robert's DB pension£15,000/year
Scheme spouse rate50%
Sarah's dependant pension£7,500/year (£625/month)
Children (both over 18, not students)Not eligible for children's pension
Death lump sum (3× £40,000 salary)£120,000 (tax-free, held in trust)

April 2027 IHT impact

Estate (house + savings)£500,000
SIPP pot£300,000
Nil Rate Band£325,000
RNRB (house to children)£175,000
IHT under current rules£0 (estate within NRBs; pension exempt)
IHT from April 2027£300,000 × 40% = £120,000

Robert's estate currently pays no IHT because the estate (£500,000) is fully covered by the NRB (£325,000) and RNRB (£175,000), and the pension is exempt. From April 2027, the £300,000 SIPP is added to the estate, pushing the total to £800,000 and creating an IHT bill of £120,000 on the pension element. However, if the SIPP passes to Sarah (a surviving spouse), the spouse exemption means no IHT is due.

FAQ

For DC pensions and SIPPs, the pension trustees hold the funds in a discretionary trust. You complete an Expression of Wishes (also called a nomination form) naming your preferred beneficiaries, but the trustees have final discretion. This discretionary structure is what keeps the pension outside your estate for IHT purposes (under current rules). It is essential to keep your Expression of Wishes up to date, especially after marriage, divorce, or having children. For DB pensions, the trustees also have discretion over lump sums, but the dependant's pension automatically goes to your qualifying spouse or civil partner.
For a lump sum to be paid tax-free when the member dies before age 75, it must be paid within two years of the scheme administrator first knowing (or being able reasonably to know) of the death. If the lump sum is paid after this two-year window, it is taxed at the beneficiary's marginal income tax rate — even though the member died before 75. This rule does not apply to inherited drawdown: a beneficiary can set up inherited drawdown after the two-year period and still draw income tax-free (provided the member died before 75). Source: HMRC IPTM7820.
Yes. Children (and other non-spouse dependants) can be nominated as beneficiaries for DC pensions. If the member died before 75, they can receive lump sums tax-free (within the LSDBA) or take inherited drawdown free of income tax. If the member died at 75 or over, the income is taxed at the child's marginal rate. For DB schemes, children typically receive a dependant's pension until age 18 (or 23 if in full-time education), at rates defined by the scheme rules — commonly 25% of the spouse's pension for one child, reducing per child as the number increases. Children's pensions are taxed as income at the child's rate.
No. Pensions (and other assets) passing to a surviving spouse or civil partner who is a long-term UK resident are exempt from IHT under the spouse exemption — this is unlimited and applies both under current rules and under the April 2027 changes. The impact is felt when pensions pass to children, grandchildren, or other beneficiaries who are not a spouse. In those cases, the pension is added to the estate and may attract 40% IHT on any amount above the Nil Rate Band (£325,000) and Residence Nil Rate Band (£175,000 where applicable). Source: GOV.UK — Inheritance Tax on unused pension funds and death benefits.
This is a personal financial planning question that depends on your individual circumstances. Drawdown of pension funds before death means beneficiaries receive cash (which may be subject to IHT in the estate) rather than a pension pot. However, drawdown income is taxable at your marginal rate in the year it is taken. Simply drawing down to reduce the pension pot may result in more income tax now and potentially less IHT later — the net effect depends on your tax band and estate size. From April 2027, placing pension funds into a discretionary trust (while possible during lifetime) has different tax implications. You should seek qualified independent financial advice before making any changes to your pension strategy in response to the April 2027 rule change.

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