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Estate Tax Calculator

Estimate your federal and state estate tax for 2026. $15M OBBBA exemption, 12-bracket graduated schedule, gift tax tracker, and state lookup with NY cliff warning.

This is an estimate, not tax or legal advice. Estate tax law is complex. Consult a qualified estate planning attorney and CPA.
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Total assets: real estate, investments, retirement, life insurance
* = has state estate or inheritance tax
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Assets passing to surviving spouse (unlimited deduction)
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Gifts above annual exclusion that used lifetime exemption

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How to Use This Calculator

Federal Estate Tax tab

The default tab. Enter your gross estate value, filing status, state of residence, and deductions (marital, charitable, debts, funeral costs). The calculator shows the full 12-bracket graduated tax under IRC §2001(c), subtracts the unified credit ($5,945,800), and gives you the net federal tax. If your state has an estate tax, you'll see that too — with cliff warnings for New York and Illinois.

Gift Tax Tracker tab

Track your lifetime exemption usage. Enter prior taxable gifts, this year's recipients and amounts, and whether you're gift-splitting with a spouse. See your remaining exemption, whether you need to file Form 709, and your combined couple remaining if married.

State Estate & Inheritance Tax tab

Select any state to see its estate tax, inheritance tax, or both. Covers all 13 estate tax jurisdictions + DC and 5 inheritance tax states. Includes the New York 105% cliff warning, state-by-state rates, portability status, and inheritance tax by relationship class.

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The Formula

Federal estate tax is computed on the taxable estate using 12 graduated brackets (IRC §2001(c)), then offset by the unified credit:

Taxable Estate = Gross Estate − Marital Deduction − Charitable Bequests − Debts − Funeral/Admin + Prior Taxable Gifts

Tentative Tax = Sum of graduated brackets (18% to 40%) on Taxable Estate
Gift Tax on Prior Gifts = Sum of graduated brackets on Prior Taxable Gifts

Net Federal Tax = max(0, Tentative Tax − Unified Credit − Gift Tax on Prior Gifts)
Unified Credit = $5,945,800 (= tentative tax on $15,000,000 BEA)

For estates under $15M, the unified credit fully offsets the tax — $0 federal estate tax. For estates above $15M, the effective marginal rate on the excess is 40%.

State estate tax is calculated separately using each state's own exemption and graduated rate table. Most states use the credit method (tax on full estate minus credit for exemption amount). New York has a unique 105% cliff that can eliminate the entire exemption.

Estate Tax in 2026: What Changed Under OBBBA

The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA, P.L. 119-21) permanently set the federal estate tax exemption at $15,000,000 per person ($30M for married couples with portability). Key changes:

Example

Robert & Catherine — 68 & 65, married, Westchester NY

Combined estate $12M: house ($2.5M), investments ($6M), retirement accounts ($2.5M), life insurance ($1M). Charitable bequest $500K, mortgage $350K, admin costs $50K.

Federal Estate Tax tab (Robert's estate at death)

Gross estate$12,000,000
Minus charitable bequest−$500,000
Minus debts (mortgage)−$350,000
Minus admin costs−$50,000
Taxable estate$11,100,000
Graduated tax (IRC §2001(c))$4,385,800
Minus unified credit−$5,945,800
Net federal tax$0
Exemption used$11.1M of $15M (74%)
Portable to Catherine$3,900,000

But New York…

NY exemption$7,350,000
105% cliff threshold$7,717,500
Estate exceeds 105%?Yes ($11.1M > $7.72M)
NY exemption applied$0 (cliff eliminates it)
Full estate taxed at NY rates$11,100,000
NY estate tax~$1,082,800

Robert's estate owes $0 federal tax but $1,082,800 to New York. The NY cliff eliminated the entire $7.35M exemption because the estate exceeded 105% of the threshold. If Robert had reduced his estate to $7.35M (via irrevocable trusts or lifetime gifts), NY tax = $0.

Gift Tax Tracker tab

Robert's prior taxable gifts$500,000
This year: 3 grandchildren × $25K each$75,000
Annual exclusion (gift splitting)$38,000 × 3 = $114,000
Taxable gifts this year$0 (under exclusion)
Form 709 required?Yes (gift splitting)
Remaining exemption$14,500,000

Estate Tax vs Inheritance Tax

FeatureEstate Tax vs Inheritance Tax
Who paysThe estate vs The beneficiary
Based onTotal estate value vs Beneficiary's share
Relationship matters?No vs Yes (spouse/child/sibling/other)
Federal version?Yes (40% top rate) vs No federal inheritance tax
States with tax13 states + DC vs 5 states (KY, MD, NE, NJ, PA)
Both?Maryland is the only state with both

Estate tax is levied on the total value of the deceased's estate before distribution. Inheritance tax is paid by each beneficiary based on their share and relationship to the deceased. Spouses are exempt in all states. Children are exempt in all inheritance tax states except Nebraska (1% above $100K) and Pennsylvania (4.5%).

FAQ

The federal estate tax exemption for 2026 is $15,000,000 per person ($30,000,000 for married couples using portability). This was permanently set by the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA, P.L. 119-21). The exemption will be indexed for inflation starting in 2027. Estates below $15M owe zero federal estate tax. For estates above $15M, the effective marginal rate on the excess is 40%.
Thirteen states plus DC levy an estate tax: Connecticut ($15M), DC ($4.99M), Hawaii ($5.49M), Illinois ($4M), Maine ($7.16M), Maryland ($5M), Massachusetts ($2M), Minnesota ($3M), New York ($7.35M), Oregon ($1M), Rhode Island ($1.84M), Vermont ($5M), and Washington ($3.08M). Exemptions shown are for 2026. Oregon and Massachusetts have the lowest exemptions. Only Hawaii and Maryland offer state-level portability.
New York has a “105% cliff” rule. If your taxable estate exceeds 105% of the exemption ($7,717,500 for 2026), the entire exemption is eliminated and your full estate is taxed at NY graduated rates (3.06%-16%). A $7.35M estate pays $0 in NY tax. A $7.72M estate pays roughly $615,000+. The $370K difference in estate value creates a $615K+ tax liability. There is a phase-out zone between $7,350,001 and $7,717,499 where the exemption reduces dollar-for-dollar.
Estate tax is paid by the estate based on total value before distribution. Inheritance tax is paid by each beneficiary based on their share and their relationship to the deceased. The federal government only has an estate tax (no federal inheritance tax). Five states have inheritance taxes: Kentucky, Maryland, Nebraska, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. Maryland is the only state with both an estate tax and an inheritance tax.
You must file Form 709 (United States Gift Tax Return) if you give any individual more than the annual exclusion amount ($19,000 per donee for 2026, or $38,000 if married and gift-splitting). You also must file if you elect gift splitting with your spouse, even if no single gift exceeds the exclusion. Direct payments for medical expenses or tuition paid to institutions are unlimited and don't require Form 709 (IRC §2503(e)).

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