🇬🇧 United Kingdom

Self-Employed Expenses Calculator

Calculate your allowable business expenses, compare simplified vs actual costs for vehicles and home office, and see exactly how much tax you save by claiming expenses for 2025/26.

£
Total business income before expenses
£
Stationery, software, phone, computer, furniture
£
Fuel, train fares, mileage, parking
£
Proportion of rent, utilities, broadband
£
Website, ads, business cards, SEO
£
Accountant, solicitor, subscriptions, courses
£
Equipment, machinery (not cars). AIA limit: £1,000,000
£
Employee salaries, subcontractor costs, employer NI
£
Bank charges, interest on business loans, insurance
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How to Use This Calculator

My Expenses tab

Enter your annual turnover and break down your business expenses into the main HMRC categories: office costs, travel, home office, marketing, professional fees, capital allowances, staff costs, and financial costs. The calculator shows your total allowable expenses, taxable profit, and how much tax and NI you save by claiming those expenses.

Simplified vs Actual tab

Enter your annual business miles and your actual vehicle running costs (fuel, insurance, repairs, depreciation, parking). The calculator compares the HMRC simplified mileage rate (45p for the first 10,000 miles, then 25p) against your actual costs, and shows which method gives you a larger deduction and tax saving.

Home Office tab

Enter your hours worked from home per week, the number of rooms used for business, and your household costs (rent, utilities, broadband, insurance, council tax). The calculator compares the HMRC flat rate method (£10-£26/month) against the actual proportion method, showing which saves you more.

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The Formula

Self-employed expenses reduce your taxable profit, which in turn reduces both income tax and National Insurance:

Taxable Profit = Turnover − Allowable Expenses

Tax Saving = (Tax on full turnover) − (Tax on reduced profit)

Simplified Mileage:
• 45p per mile × first 10,000 business miles
• 25p per mile × miles above 10,000

Home Office Flat Rate:
• 25–50 hours/month = £10/month (£120/year)
• 51–100 hours/month = £18/month (£216/year)
• 101+ hours/month = £26/month (£312/year)

Home Office Actual Proportion:
Deduction = Total household costs × (Business rooms ÷ Total rooms)

Every £1 of allowable expenses reduces your tax bill by your marginal rate. For a basic rate taxpayer (20% income tax + 6% Class 4 NI), each £1 of expenses saves 26p in tax. For a higher rate taxpayer, each £1 saves 42p (40% + 2%).

The Annual Investment Allowance (AIA) lets you deduct up to £1,000,000 of qualifying equipment and machinery purchases in the year you buy them. Cars are excluded from AIA but can be claimed through capital allowance pools.

Example

Tom — Self-Employed Plumber, Birmingham

Tom is a self-employed plumber with £45,000 annual turnover. He drives 15,000 business miles per year and works from home 2 days a week managing invoices and quotes. He needs to decide between simplified and actual expenses for his van and home office.

Vehicle: Simplified vs Actual

Business miles15,000
Simplified: 10,000 x 45p + 5,000 x 25p£5,750
Actual: fuel £3,000 + insurance £600 + repairs £800 + depreciation £1,500£5,900
WinnerActual costs (by £150)

Home Office: Flat Rate vs Actual

Hours from home16 hrs/week (69 hrs/month)
Flat rate: £18/month x 12£216/year
Actual: £17,000 costs x 1/4 rooms£4,250/year
WinnerActual proportion (by £4,034)

Total Expenses Summary

Vehicle costs (actual)£5,900
Home office (actual proportion)£4,250
Other expenses (tools, insurance, etc.)£2,000
Total allowable expenses£12,150
Taxable profit£32,850
Tax & NI saved by claiming expenses£3,159

By choosing actual costs over simplified expenses, Tom claims an additional £4,184 in deductions and saves around £1,088 more in tax compared to using simplified rates.

FAQ

You can claim expenses that are "wholly and exclusively" for business purposes. The main categories are: office costs (stationery, software, phone bills), travel (fuel, train fares, parking, mileage), home office (proportion of rent, utilities, broadband), marketing (advertising, website, business cards), professional fees (accountant, solicitor, subscriptions, training courses), staff costs (salaries, subcontractors, employer NI), financial costs (bank charges, business loans, insurance), and capital allowances (equipment, machinery via AIA up to £1,000,000). You cannot claim for personal clothing, entertaining clients, fines, or money taken for personal use. Source: HMRC Business Income Manual.
It depends on your situation. Simplified mileage (45p/25p per mile) is easier to track and often better for low-cost vehicles with high mileage. Actual costs are usually better if you have an expensive vehicle, high insurance, or significant repair bills. For home office, the flat rate (£10-£26/month) is simpler but usually gives a much smaller deduction than the actual proportion method, especially if your household costs are high. You cannot mix methods for the same expense — you must choose one approach and stick with it for each vehicle or expense type. Use the "Simplified vs Actual" tab to compare both methods with your real numbers.
You have two options. The flat rate method (simplified expenses) gives you £10/month for 25-50 hours worked at home, £18/month for 51-100 hours, or £26/month for 101+ hours. You must work at least 25 hours per month from home to use this method. Broadband and phone can be claimed separately. The actual proportion method divides your total household costs (rent or mortgage interest, utilities, council tax, insurance) by the number of rooms used exclusively for business. Be aware that claiming a large proportion of your home may affect your Capital Gains Tax main residence relief when you sell. Source: HMRC simplified expenses guidance.
Making Tax Digital (MTD) for Income Tax Self Assessment requires self-employed individuals and landlords to keep digital records and submit quarterly updates to HMRC using MTD-compatible software (such as FreeAgent, Xero, or QuickBooks). From April 2026, MTD is mandatory for those with qualifying income above £50,000. From April 2027, the threshold drops to £30,000, and from April 2028 to £20,000. You will submit 4 quarterly updates plus a final declaration each year, replacing the traditional annual Self Assessment return. HMRC will write to affected individuals before the start of the relevant tax year. Source: GOV.UK MTD guidance.
The trading allowance gives you the first £1,000 of self-employed or miscellaneous income tax-free. If your total trading income is under £1,000, you do not need to register as self-employed or file a tax return. If your income is above £1,000, you can choose to deduct the £1,000 trading allowance instead of claiming actual expenses — but you cannot use both. The trading allowance is most useful for small side-businesses or occasional freelance work where your actual expenses are less than £1,000. If your expenses exceed £1,000, you are always better off claiming actual expenses. Source: HMRC.

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