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ARM Calculator

Calculate your adjustable-rate mortgage payment during the fixed period, stress-test what happens when the rate resets, and see whether ARM or 30-year fixed saves you more money based on how long you plan to stay.

Try:
$
Total mortgage after down payment
%
The fixed rate during the initial period
How long the rate stays fixed before adjusting
ARM Calculator v2026.04 — sum.money

How to Use This Calculator

Fixed Period tab

Enter your loan amount, initial teaser rate, and select your ARM type (5/1, 7/1, or 10/1). The calculator shows your exact monthly payment during the fixed period, total interest paid before the first reset, and remaining loan balance when the rate adjustment begins.

After Reset tab

Add the current SOFR index rate and your loan's margin to model what happens when the rate adjusts. Expand "More options" to enter your rate caps. The calculator shows three scenarios: best case (index drops 1.5%), expected (current index plus margin), and worst case (initial rate plus lifetime cap). Each scenario shows the new payment and dollar change from your fixed-period payment.

ARM vs Fixed tab

Enter both rates and the calculator computes total cost at 5, 7, 10, and 30 year horizons. This answers the core question: if you sell in 5 years, does the ARM teaser savings outweigh the risk? If you stay 30 years, does rate certainty justify the higher fixed rate?

Share your result

Every input is encoded in the URL. Click Share to send your exact scenario to a loan officer, co-borrower, or financial advisor.

The Formula

ARM payments use the standard mortgage payment formula, applied first to the teaser rate and then recalculated after each rate adjustment:

Monthly P&I = Loan × [r(1+r)^n] / [(1+r)^n - 1]

Where:
  r = Annual Rate ÷ 12
  n = Remaining months on the loan

After reset:
  New Rate = Index (SOFR) + Margin
  Capped Rate = min(Initial Rate + Lifetime Cap, New Rate)
              capped by Initial Cap at first reset

Payment recalculates on remaining balance with remaining term.

The key ARM mechanic: after the fixed period ends, the payment is recalculated on the current outstanding balance with the new rate spread over the remaining loan term. On a $400K, 30-year loan after 5 years, the new payment covers the remaining ~$366K balance over 25 years at the new rate.

Example

Jordan — Buying in Austin, TX with a 5/1 ARM

Jordan is buying a $500,000 home with 20% down ($100,000). Loan amount: $400,000. Lender offered a 5/1 ARM at 5.5% versus a 30-year fixed at 6.5%. The ARM has a 2/2/5 cap structure and a margin of 2.75%. Current SOFR: 4.3%.

Fixed period payment (years 1–5)

Loan amount$400,000
ARM rate (teaser)5.5%
Monthly payment$2,271/mo
Total paid (5 years)$136,260
Balance after 5 years~$366,000

After reset scenarios (year 6+)

Best case (index drops 1.5% to 2.8%)$2,146/mo — saves $125
Expected (SOFR 4.3% + margin 2.75% = 7.05%)$2,654/mo — +$383/mo
Worst case (5.5% + 5% cap = 10.5%)$3,370/mo — +$1,099/mo

ARM vs Fixed total cost

30-yr fixed payment (6.5%)$2,528/mo
ARM saves at 5 years~$15,420
ARM saves at 7 years~$4,200 (rate has reset)
Fixed saves at 30 years~$47,000 (rate uncertainty compounds)

Jordan plans to relocate in 6–7 years for work. The 5/1 ARM saves money during the fixed period and he expects to sell or refinance before the rate risk fully materializes. If Jordan stayed 30 years, the fixed loan would almost certainly cost less.

FAQ

An adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) has an initial fixed-rate period followed by annual rate adjustments. A 5/1 ARM means the rate is fixed for 5 years, then adjusts every 1 year. The new rate equals a benchmark index (SOFR) plus a lender margin. Rate changes are controlled by caps that limit how much the rate can move at first adjustment, each subsequent adjustment, and over the life of the loan. ARMs typically start with a lower rate than 30-year fixed loans.
After the fixed period: New Rate = Index + Margin. The index is SOFR (Secured Overnight Financing Rate) for US loans originated after 2023. The margin is a fixed spread set by your lender at origination, typically 2.25%–3.00%. If SOFR is 4.3% and your margin is 2.75%, your fully indexed rate is 7.05% — but this is capped by your initial cap at the first adjustment. Check your loan documents for the exact index and margin.
Rate caps prevent extreme payment shock. A common 2/2/5 structure means: initial cap 2% (first adjustment can move at most 2% from start rate), periodic cap 2% (each subsequent annual adjustment limited to 2%), lifetime cap 5% (rate can never exceed start rate + 5%). On a 5.5% ARM with 2/2/5 caps: worst-case first adjustment to 7.5%, worst-case ever is 10.5%. Always verify your loan's specific cap structure in the Loan Estimate or Closing Disclosure.
An ARM usually makes sense when you have a clear exit before the fixed period ends: you plan to sell, relocate for work, pay off the loan, or refinance before the rate adjusts. The lower teaser rate saves real money during the fixed window. A 5/1 ARM at 5.5% vs a 30-year fixed at 6.5% on $400K saves about $257/mo or $15,000+ over 5 years. If you stay 30 years and rates rise, the fixed loan will likely cost tens of thousands less.
US ARMs originated after mid-2023 use SOFR (Secured Overnight Financing Rate) as their benchmark, replacing the discontinued LIBOR. SOFR is published daily by the New York Federal Reserve and reflects the cost of overnight borrowing collateralized by US Treasury securities. Most ARM loans use either 1-Year SOFR or 6-Month SOFR. Older ARMs (pre-2023) may still use LIBOR replacement rates such as SOFR spread-adjusted rates.

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