🇬🇧 United Kingdom

VAT Registration Calculator

Check if your business must register for UK VAT, analyse whether voluntary registration makes financial sense, and compare the impact of VAT on your pricing. Uses the £90,000 threshold for 2025/26.

Average is simpler; monthly is more accurate for seasonal businesses
£
Your typical monthly taxable turnover (exc VAT)
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How to Use This Calculator

Do I Need to Register? tab

Enter your average monthly turnover or switch to monthly input for seasonal businesses. The calculator computes your rolling 12-month total and compares it against the £90,000 threshold. If you exceed it, you will see the registration deadline and next steps. If you are below, the calculator shows your headroom and projects when you might reach the threshold at your current growth rate.

Voluntary Registration tab

Enter your annual turnover, percentage of B2B sales, and annual input VAT you could reclaim. The calculator analyses the net financial position of registering voluntarily — weighing reclaimable input VAT against admin costs and the impact on B2C customers. Expand "More options" to compare cash vs accrual accounting methods.

VAT vs No VAT Impact tab

Enter your current price, units sold, and cost per unit. Choose between two strategies: adding VAT on top (customer pays more) or absorbing VAT within your current price (your margin shrinks). The calculator shows the impact for both B2B and B2C customers and the effect on your profit.

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The Formula

VAT registration is triggered by a simple threshold test on your rolling 12-month taxable turnover:

Registration Test:
Rolling 12-month taxable turnover > £90,000 → Must register

Deregistration Test:
Rolling 12-month taxable turnover < £88,000 → Can deregister

Net VAT Position (voluntary registration):
Net VAT payable = Output VAT − Input VAT
Output VAT = Taxable turnover × 20%
Input VAT = VAT on business purchases (reclaimable)

Pricing Impact:
Strategy A (charge more): New price = Current price × 1.20
Strategy B (absorb): Revenue exc VAT = Current price ÷ 1.20

The £90,000 threshold applies to your taxable turnover over any rolling 12-month period, not a fixed tax year. Taxable turnover includes standard-rated (20%), reduced-rated (5%), and zero-rated supplies. It does not include exempt supplies such as insurance, finance, or education.

If you expect your taxable turnover to exceed £90,000 in the next 30 days alone (for example, a single large contract), you must also register even if your past 12-month total is below the threshold.

Example

Sarah — Freelance Graphic Designer, Manchester

Sarah runs a freelance design business. Her average monthly turnover is £7,500, giving her an annual total of £90,000. She sells 60% to B2B clients and 40% to consumers. Her annual business purchases include £3,500 of reclaimable VAT.

Do I Need to Register? tab

Average monthly turnover£7,500
Rolling 12-month total£90,000
Threshold£90,000

Sarah is exactly at the threshold. She must register because the test is "exceeds £90,000" — at £90,000 exactly she is not yet required, but any additional sale will push her over. She should register proactively to avoid a late registration penalty.

Voluntary Registration analysis

Annual turnover£90,000
Output VAT (20%)£18,000
Input VAT reclaimable£3,500
Net VAT to HMRC£14,500
Estimated admin cost£500
Net benefit of registration£3,000

Sarah recovers £3,500 in input VAT minus £500 admin cost = £3,000 net benefit. Her B2B clients (60%) are unaffected because they reclaim the VAT. For her B2C clients, she decides to absorb the VAT in her pricing rather than increase prices.

FAQ

The VAT registration threshold is £90,000 for the 2025/26 tax year. If your taxable turnover exceeds £90,000 in any rolling 12-month period, you must register for VAT within 30 days. This threshold has been in effect since 1 April 2024, when it was increased from £85,000. The deregistration threshold is £88,000 — set slightly lower to prevent businesses from constantly registering and deregistering around the threshold. Source: HMRC, gov.uk/register-for-vat.
Voluntary registration makes sense if you have significant VAT-recoverable business expenses, if most of your customers are VAT-registered businesses (B2B), or if you want the credibility of a VAT number. The main benefit is reclaiming input VAT on purchases. The downsides are quarterly VAT returns via MTD-compatible software, the need to charge VAT on sales (which increases prices for B2C customers unless you absorb it), and the admin time. Use the Voluntary Registration tab to see the net financial position for your specific situation.
Under accrual (standard) accounting, you report VAT when you issue or receive an invoice, even if the invoice has not been paid yet. Under the Cash Accounting Scheme, you only report VAT when payment is actually received or made. Cash accounting helps cash flow — you do not pay VAT to HMRC until your customer has paid you. You can join the Cash Accounting Scheme if your taxable turnover is £1.35 million or less. You must leave if it exceeds £1.6 million. Source: HMRC VAT Notice 731.
If you exceed the £90,000 threshold and fail to notify HMRC within 30 days, you face a late registration penalty. The penalty is based on the VAT you should have charged from the date you should have been registered. HMRC calculates the penalty as a percentage of the net tax due: 5% if up to 9 months late, 10% if 9–18 months late, and 15% if more than 18 months late. You will also owe the unpaid VAT itself, which you may need to absorb if you did not charge it to customers during the unregistered period.
Yes. Making Tax Digital (MTD) for VAT has been mandatory for all VAT-registered businesses since April 2022. You must keep digital records and submit your VAT returns using MTD-compatible software — you can no longer file directly through the HMRC online portal. This applies regardless of your turnover, as long as you are VAT-registered. Popular MTD-compatible software includes Xero, QuickBooks, FreeAgent, and Sage. HMRC provides a list of recognised software on gov.uk.

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