🇬🇧 United Kingdom

IR35 Calculator

Compare take-home pay inside vs outside IR35 for 2025/26. See every umbrella company deduction, calculate the rate uplift you need, and make informed decisions about your contracting structure. Updated for the April 2025 employer NI increase to 15%.

£
Your contract day rate before any deductions
days
Typical: 220 (5 weeks holiday + bank holidays)
£
Accountancy, insurance, equipment, travel
£
Most directors use £12,570 (personal allowance)
£
Typical: £20-£30/week
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How to Use This Calculator

Inside vs Outside tab

Enter your daily rate, working days per year, and annual business expenses. The calculator computes your take-home pay under both IR35 scenarios: inside (via an umbrella company, taxed as employment) and outside (via your own Ltd company, using salary + dividends). The gap shows you exactly how much IR35 status affects your income.

Umbrella Breakdown tab

Enter your annual assignment rate (daily rate x days). See every deduction step by step: umbrella margin, apprenticeship levy, employer NI (15% from April 2025), employee NI, and income tax. This transparency shows where your money goes before it reaches your bank account.

Rate Negotiation tab

Enter your desired annual take-home income. The calculator works backwards to find the daily rate you need to negotiate if a contract is inside IR35. It also compares this to the equivalent outside IR35 rate, showing the percentage uplift required.

The Formula

Inside IR35: Take-home = Assignment Rate - Umbrella Fee - Apprenticeship Levy - Employer NI (15%) - Employee NI (8%/2%) - Income Tax (20%/40%/45%)
Outside IR35: Take-home = Salary (after NI + tax) + Dividends (after corporation tax + dividend tax)

Key insight: employer NI is deducted from your assignment rate, not added on top. At 15% from April 2025 (up from 13.8%), this is the single biggest hidden cost of working inside IR35. On a £500/day contract, employer NI alone takes roughly £14,000/year.

Example

Sarah -- IT Consultant in London, £500/day

Sarah works 220 days/year on a £500/day contract. Her annual revenue is £110,000. She has £5,000 in business expenses through her Ltd company.

Annual revenue£110,000
Take-home (inside IR35, umbrella)£67,200
Take-home (outside IR35, Ltd)£82,600
Annual gap£15,400

Inside IR35, Sarah loses £15,400/year compared to working through her Ltd company. That is roughly £1,280/month. If her contract moves inside IR35, she would need to negotiate a rate of approximately £630/day to maintain the same take-home pay.

FAQ

IR35 is UK tax legislation (officially the "off-payroll working rules") designed to prevent "disguised employment" -- where a worker provides services through a limited company but would be an employee if engaged directly. If HMRC determines your contract is inside IR35, you are taxed as an employee: income tax and employee NI are deducted at source, and employer NI (15% from April 2025) is also deducted from your assignment rate.
Since April 2021 (private sector) and April 2017 (public sector), the end client (if not a "small company") is responsible for determining IR35 status. They issue a Status Determination Statement (SDS). You can challenge this determination through a statutory dispute resolution process. Small companies (fewer than 50 employees, under £10.2M turnover, under £5.1M balance sheet -- meeting 2 of 3 criteria) still leave the determination to the contractor.
When you work inside IR35 through an umbrella company, the umbrella is your employer. They must pay employer NI (15% on earnings above £5,000 from April 2025) on your behalf. This comes out of the assignment rate paid by the agency/client -- not on top of it. This is the single largest deduction and why inside IR35 take-home is significantly lower than outside IR35.
Inside IR35 (umbrella), allowable expenses are extremely limited. You can only claim expenses that a normal employee could claim: essentially pension contributions and qualifying travel expenses (but only if your workplace is "temporary" and the contract is under 24 months). You cannot claim for equipment, home office, training, or most other business costs. Outside IR35 (Ltd), you can claim legitimate business expenses against corporation tax.
From April 2025, employer NI increased from 13.8% to 15%, and the secondary threshold (the point at which employer NI starts) dropped from £9,100 to £5,000 per year. For a contractor earning £100,000 inside IR35, this increases the employer NI bill by approximately £1,800/year compared to 2024/25 rates. This makes the gap between inside and outside IR35 even larger.

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