🇬🇧 United Kingdom

Inheritance Tax Calculator 2025/26

Estimate your IHT liability, see how married couple allowances work, and find strategies to reduce or eliminate Inheritance Tax on your estate.

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Property, savings, investments, possessions, life insurance payouts
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For RNRB \u2014 only if passing to direct descendants
Children, grandchildren, step-children qualify for RNRB
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Mortgage, loans, credit cards, funeral costs
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Leave 10%+ of net estate for 36% reduced rate

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How to Use This Calculator

IHT Estimate tab

The default tab. Enter your total estate value (property, savings, investments, possessions, life insurance payouts), main residence value, and whether you have direct descendants. The calculator shows your nil-rate band (NRB), residence nil-rate band (RNRB), taxable estate, and IHT at 40% (or 36% if qualifying for the charitable reduced rate). Expand "More options" to add debts and charitable gifts.

Married Couple tab

See how spouse-to-spouse transfers and transferable allowances work on second death. Enter the combined estate value, first spouse's unused NRB percentage, and property value. The calculator shows combined NRB (up to £650,000), combined RNRB (up to £350,000), and total combined allowance (up to £1,000,000).

Reduce IHT tab

Enter your estate value to see ranked strategies for reducing Inheritance Tax. Each strategy shows potential IHT savings — from gifts out of income (immediately exempt) to PETs (7-year rule), charitable giving, Business Property Relief (BPR), Agricultural Property Relief (APR), trusts, and life insurance in trust.

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The Formula

Inheritance Tax is charged on the value of an estate above the nil-rate band:

Net Estate = Gross Estate − Debts − Funeral Costs − Exempt Transfers

RNRB = min(£175,000, Property Value) − Taper*
*Taper = max(0, (Net Estate − £2,000,000) ÷ 2)

Taxable Estate = Net Estate − Charitable Gifts − NRB (£325,000) − RNRB

IHT Due = Taxable Estate × 40%
(or 36% if charitable gifts ≥ 10% of net estate)

For married couples, the unused percentage of the first spouse’s NRB and RNRB transfers to the surviving spouse. If both spouses used none of their allowances and the home passes to children, the combined tax-free amount is £1,000,000.

Example

David and Margaret — Married couple, £1.2M estate, 2 children

David and Margaret own a home worth £500,000 and have £700,000 in savings, investments and other assets. Total estate: £1,200,000. They have 2 adult children. David dies first and leaves everything to Margaret (spouse-exempt). Margaret then dies with the full £1.2M estate.

Without planning (single NRB only)

Estate value£1,200,000
NRB (single)£325,000
Taxable estate£875,000
IHT at 40%£350,000

With married couple allowances

Combined NRB (2 × £325K)£650,000
Combined RNRB (2 × £175K)£350,000
Total allowance£1,000,000
Taxable estate£200,000
IHT at 40%£80,000
IHT savings from planning£270,000

By claiming David’s transferred NRB and RNRB, the family saves £270,000 in Inheritance Tax. The children inherit £1,120,000 instead of £850,000. Margaret’s executors claim the transfer using HMRC form IHT402.

FAQ

The nil-rate band (NRB) is £325,000 for the 2025/26 tax year. It has been frozen at this level since 2009 and the government has confirmed it will remain frozen until at least April 2028. Estates valued below the NRB pay no Inheritance Tax. The NRB applies to the cumulative total of your estate plus any chargeable transfers made in the 7 years before death.
The RNRB is an additional £175,000 allowance introduced in April 2017. It applies when you pass your main residence to direct descendants — children, grandchildren, step-children, adopted children, or foster children. If your estate exceeds £2,000,000, the RNRB tapers by £1 for every £2 above the threshold. A downsizing addition may apply if you sold or downsized your home after 8 July 2015.
Transfers between spouses and civil partners are exempt from IHT. When the first spouse dies, any unused NRB and RNRB percentage can be claimed by the surviving spouse’s estate. This effectively doubles the allowances: up to £650,000 combined NRB and £350,000 combined RNRB, giving a maximum £1,000,000 tax-free allowance. The transfer must be claimed using HMRC form IHT402 within 2 years of the second death.
Several gift exemptions are available each tax year: the annual exemption of £3,000 (can carry forward 1 unused year), small gifts of up to £250 per person, wedding gifts (£5,000 from parents, £2,500 from grandparents, £1,000 from others), and gifts from normal income that don’t affect your standard of living. These are immediately exempt — no 7-year rule.
IHT is due within 6 months of the end of the month in which the person died. The personal representatives (executors) are responsible for paying IHT before probate is granted. Tax on property and certain other assets can be paid in annual instalments over 10 years. IHT on lifetime gifts that become chargeable is the responsibility of the recipient.

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