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Capital Allowances Calculator 2025/26

Calculate tax relief on business equipment purchases. See AIA, full expensing, and writing down allowances for plant, machinery, IT equipment, vehicles, and buildings. 2025/26 HMRC rates including Autumn Budget 2025 changes.

£
Total expenditure on the asset
Determines pool allocation and available allowances
Full expensing requires new assets. AIA covers both.
Determines the corp tax rate for tax saving calculation
Elect to write off over 4 years instead of pool rate
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How to Use This Calculator

Quick Allowance tab

The default tab. Enter the asset cost, select the asset type (plant/machinery, IT equipment, office furniture, vehicle, building, integral features, long-life asset, or thermal insulation), and specify whether the asset is new or used. The calculator determines the correct allowance method (AIA, full expensing, or WDA) and shows the year 1 deduction and tax saving. Expand "More options" for a custom corporation tax rate or short-life asset election.

Car Allowances tab

Specifically for company cars. Enter the car cost, whether it is fully electric, and the CO2 emissions (if not electric). The calculator shows the allowance rate based on the emission band, the annual deduction, and a comparison across all three emission bands so you can see the tax advantage of lower-emission vehicles.

Multi-Year Schedule tab

Shows a reducing balance schedule for assets in the writing down allowance pool. Enter the asset cost, choose main pool (18%) or special rate pool (6%), and select how many years to display. The schedule shows the opening balance, annual WDA deduction, tax saving, and closing balance for each year, plus cumulative totals.

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The Formula

Capital allowances use different methods depending on the asset and circumstances:

Annual Investment Allowance (AIA):
Year 1 deduction = 100% of cost (up to £1,000,000)
Tax saving = Cost × Corporation tax rate

Full Expensing (new main pool assets):
Year 1 deduction = 100% of cost (no annual limit)
Tax saving = Cost × Corporation tax rate

Writing Down Allowance (reducing balance):
Year N deduction = Pool balance × WDA rate
Main pool = 18% | Special rate = 6%
Closing balance = Opening balance − WDA deduction

Structures & Buildings Allowance:
Annual deduction = Cost × 3% (straight-line over 33.3 years)

The AIA covers new and used qualifying plant and machinery up to £1,000,000 per year. Full expensing is for new assets only and has no annual limit, but is only available to companies (not unincorporated businesses). Both give 100% relief in year 1.

When neither AIA nor full expensing applies (e.g., used assets exceeding the AIA limit), the asset enters the relevant WDA pool and is written down at 18% (main) or 6% (special rate) each year on a reducing balance basis.

Example

Sarah — IT Consultancy, Birmingham

Sarah's company buys £80,000 of new servers (plant/machinery) and a £45,000 electric car. Company profits are £200,000 (main rate, 25%).

Servers — AIA / Full Expensing

Server cost£80,000
Allowance methodAIA (100%)
Year 1 deduction£80,000
Tax saving (25%)£20,000
Effective cost after relief£60,000

Electric Car — 100% FYA

Car cost£45,000
CO2 emissions0 g/km (electric)
Allowance method100% First-Year Allowance
Year 1 deduction£45,000
Tax saving (25%)£11,250

Total Year 1 Relief

Total expenditure£125,000
Total year 1 deduction£125,000
Total tax saving£31,250

If Sarah had bought a petrol car with 120 g/km CO2 instead, it would enter the special rate pool (6% WDA). Year 1 deduction would be just £2,700 instead of £45,000 — a difference of £10,575 in tax saving.

FAQ

The AIA limit is £1,000,000 per year. This has been the permanent level since January 2019. AIA gives 100% tax relief in the year of purchase on qualifying plant and machinery, covering both new and used assets. The £1M limit is shared between associated companies and is proportionally reduced for short accounting periods.
Both give 100% relief in year 1, but they differ in scope. AIA has a £1,000,000 annual limit but covers new and used assets, and is available to companies and unincorporated businesses. Full expensing has no annual limit but is restricted to new main pool plant and machinery only, and is only available to companies. Full expensing became permanent from April 2023. For most SMEs spending under £1M per year, AIA is sufficient. Full expensing matters for larger investments.
The main pool WDA rate is 18% (reducing balance) and the special rate pool is 6% (reducing balance) for 2025/26. However, the Autumn Budget 2025 announced that the main pool rate will drop from 18% to 14% from April 2026. For accounting periods straddling April 2026, a hybrid rate applies based on the proportion of the period before and after the change date. The special rate pool remains at 6%.
Car allowances are based on CO2 emissions: zero-emission cars (0 g/km, i.e., fully electric) qualify for 100% first-year allowance, giving full tax relief in year 1. Cars emitting 1-50 g/km enter the main pool (18% WDA). Cars emitting 51+ g/km enter the special rate pool (6% WDA). The 100% FYA for zero-emission cars has been extended to March 2027. Unlike full expensing, this FYA is available for both new and used zero-emission cars. AIA is generally not available for cars with private use.
Special rate pool items (6% WDA) include: integral features of buildings (lifts, escalators, electrical systems including lighting, heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and water systems), long-life assets (useful economic life of 25 years or more), thermal insulation of buildings, and cars with CO2 emissions over 50 g/km. New special rate items can claim 50% first-year allowance (companies only). All special rate items qualify for AIA up to the £1,000,000 limit.

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