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Gold Investment Calculator India — SGB vs ETF vs Physical Gold

Compare Sovereign Gold Bond (SGB), Gold ETF, and physical gold returns after tax. Calculate how many grams you bought, current value, CAGR, and capital gains tax. SGB maturity proceeds are tax-free; Gold ETF LTCG is 12.5% after 12 months under Finance Act 2024. Gold price reference: ₹1,50,000 per 10g (24K, March 2026). Prices are volatile — verify before investing.

Total amount invested in gold
Price per 10 grams when you bought (24K)
Current 24K gold price per 10g (March 2026: ~₹1,50,000)
years
How long you have held the gold (for CAGR and tax)

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How to Use This Calculator

Gold Returns tab

Enter your investment amount, the purchase price per 10g when you bought, and the current gold price per 10g (default ₹1,50,000 as of March 2026). The calculator shows grams bought, current value, absolute return percentage, and CAGR if you also enter the holding period. Tax on capital gains is computed based on whether you held for less than or more than 2 years.

SGB vs ETF vs Physical tab

Enter the investment amount and holding period. The calculator compares the same sum invested in three vehicles: Sovereign Gold Bond (earns 2.5% interest + tax-free redemption at 8 years), Gold ETF (12.5% LTCG after 1 year, minus expense ratio), and Physical gold (making charges reduce effective investment, 12.5% LTCG after 2 years). Use the "More options" to adjust SGB interest, ETF expense ratio, making charges, and your tax slab for SGB interest income.

Gold in Portfolio tab

Enter your total portfolio value, current gold allocation, and target gold percentage. The calculator tells you how much additional gold to buy, which vehicle to use (SGB recommended for most), and how your target compares to standard allocation benchmarks (5–15%).

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Every input is encoded in the URL. Click Share to send your exact scenario to a financial advisor or save it for future reference.

The Formula

Gold investment returns and tax are computed as follows:

Grams Purchased:
Grams = (Investment ÷ Purchase Price per 10g) × 10

Current Value:
Current Value = (Grams ÷ 10) × Current Price per 10g

Absolute Return:
Absolute Return = Current Value − Investment
Absolute Return (%) = (Absolute Return ÷ Investment) × 100

CAGR:
CAGR = (Current Value ÷ Investment)1/Years − 1

LTCG Tax on Physical Gold / Gold ETF (post Finance Act 2024):
Physical gold (held ≥ 24 months): 12.5% × gain + 4% cess
Gold ETF (held ≥ 12 months): 12.5% × gain + 4% cess
STCG (below holding period): at income slab rate + cess

SGB Net Value:
SGB = Gold appreciation + (2.5% × Issue Price × Years) − Tax on interest
SGB maturity (8 years): redemption proceeds are FULLY tax-free

Gold ETF Net Value:
ETF = Investment × (1 + Gold Return − Expense Ratio)Years − LTCG Tax

Physical Gold Net Value:
Effective investment = Investment ÷ (1 + Making Charges %)
Physical = Effective Investment × (1 + Gold Return)Years − LTCG Tax

The Finance Act 2024 (Budget July 2024) was a landmark change for gold taxation: LTCG rate was reduced from 20% (with indexation) to 12.5% (without indexation) for both physical gold and gold ETFs. The holding period for Gold ETFs was simultaneously reduced from 36 months to 12 months. SGB maturity redemption continues to be tax-free under Section 47(viic).

Example: Priya Comparing ₹5L over 8 Years

Priya — ₹5,00,000 to invest in gold, 8-year horizon, 30% tax slab

Priya has ₹5,00,000 to allocate to gold as part of her investment portfolio. She is in the 30% tax slab, has an 8-year horizon, and is comparing SGB, Gold ETF, and physical gold jewellery. Gold price assumed: ₹1,50,000/10g today, growing at 10% p.a. Gold prices are volatile — verify before investing.

Step 1: Sovereign Gold Bond (SGB)

Investment₹5,00,000
SGB interest (2.5% p.a. on issue price)₹1,00,000 over 8 years
Tax on interest (30% slab + cess)₹31,200 (approx)
Net interest after tax₹68,800
Gold value at 8 years (10% p.a.)₹10,71,794
LTCG on SGB maturityZERO — tax-free
SGB net value≈ ₹11,40,594

Step 2: Gold ETF

Investment₹5,00,000
Effective return (10% − 0.5% expense)9.5% p.a.
ETF value at 8 years₹10,36,408
Capital gain₹5,36,408
LTCG (12.5% + 4% cess)₹69,733
ETF net value≈ ₹9,66,675

Step 3: Physical Gold (jewellery, 12% making charges)

Investment₹5,00,000
Effective gold value (after 12% charges)₹4,46,429
Physical value at 8 years (10% p.a.)₹9,57,126
Capital gain (vs original ₹5L)₹4,57,126
LTCG (12.5% + 4% cess)₹59,426
Physical net value≈ ₹8,97,700

Result

SGB net value₹11,40,594 ✓ Winner
Gold ETF net value₹9,66,675
Physical gold net value₹8,97,700

SGB wins by ₹1,73,919 over ETF and ₹2,42,894 over physical gold over 8 years. The tax-free maturity benefit of SGB is transformative for long-term investors. For shorter horizons (under 5 years), Gold ETF is more flexible as SGB cannot be redeemed before the 5th year.

FAQ

The Finance Act 2024 (Budget July 2024) significantly changed gold taxation. Physical gold and gold ETFs now attract 12.5% LTCG without indexation (previously 20% with indexation for physical, 20% for ETFs after 36 months). The holding period for Gold ETFs was reduced from 36 months to 12 months. For physical gold, the holding period remains 24 months. If held below the LTCG threshold, gains are taxed as STCG at your income slab rate. SGB redemption at maturity (8 years) remains completely tax-free under Section 47(viic) — this benefit was unchanged by Finance Act 2024.
Sovereign Gold Bond (SGB) is a government security denominated in grams of gold, issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on behalf of the Government of India. Key features:
  • Interest: 2.5% p.a. on the issue price, paid semi-annually. Taxed at your income slab rate as IFOS.
  • Tenure: 8 years. Early redemption allowed from the 5th year anniversary (but only on coupon payment dates).
  • Tax-free maturity: Capital gains on redemption at maturity are completely exempt from tax (Section 47(viic)).
  • No storage risk: Held in Demat or physical certificate form. No making charges, no storage cost.
  • Sovereign guarantee: Backed by the Government of India — zero default risk.
SGBs are considered the best gold investment because they give you gold price appreciation + 2.5% interest + tax-free exit — three advantages unavailable in any other gold vehicle.
Physical gold (jewellery and coins) has several cost disadvantages compared to financial gold instruments:
  • Making charges: 8–25% on jewellery, added to purchase price. Coins: 2–5%. These are non-recoverable costs that reduce effective investment.
  • GST 3%: Applicable at purchase on the gold value plus making charges.
  • Storage & insurance: Bank locker rent (₹1,500–3,000/year) or home insurance.
  • Hallmarking risk: Purity verification needed; BIS hallmark mandatory since 2021.
  • Resale discount: Jewellers typically offer 5–10% below prevailing gold price when you sell.
  • LTCG tax: 12.5% (post Finance Act 2024) after 24-month holding period. No indexation benefit.
Physical gold makes sense for planned jewellery use (weddings) or as a collateral asset (gold loan). For pure investment, SGB or ETF is far more efficient.
Most Indian financial planners recommend 5–15% of portfolio in gold, with the specific amount depending on your risk profile and goals:
  • Conservative / near-retirement: 8–12%. Gold as inflation hedge and safe haven.
  • Balanced / accumulation phase: 5–10%. Diversification without over-allocation.
  • Young investors: 5–8%. Prioritise equity for long-term growth; gold as small hedge.
  • High inflation environment: Up to 15%. Gold historically performs well when inflation is high.
Gold's role in an Indian portfolio is primarily as a hedge against rupee depreciation, equity market crashes, and geopolitical uncertainty. Gold is not an income-generating asset (unlike equity or debt), so over-allocation dilutes overall portfolio returns. The Nifty 50 has historically delivered 13–15% CAGR vs gold's 10–12% CAGR — but they are negatively correlated, making gold valuable for portfolio stability.
Digital gold (sold by Paytm, PhonePe, Google Pay via MMTC-PAMP or SafeGold) allows you to buy gold in small amounts (starting ₹1). However, it has significant drawbacks compared to SGB or Gold ETF:
  • 3% GST: Payable on purchase, same as physical gold.
  • Storage fee: 0.4–0.8% per year after an initial free period.
  • Platform risk: Digital gold is not regulated by SEBI. There is no investor protection if the platform fails.
  • No RBI/SEBI backing: Unlike SGBs (government) or ETFs (SEBI-regulated), digital gold has no regulatory protection framework.
  • Tax: Taxed exactly like physical gold — LTCG after 24 months at 12.5%.
For most investors, Gold ETF is a better alternative to digital gold: SEBI-regulated, lower effective cost, traded on exchange, and more transparent. Digital gold is convenient for very small amounts (under ₹1,000) or gifting purposes.

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